Tuesday, May 13, 2014

F. Scott Fitzgerald's Contemporaries and Their Most Famous Works of Literature.

The 1920s was a decade that showcased the talents of many great writers like F. Scott Fitzgerald; their works varied from novels and short stories to poems and playwrights. These literary figures are not to go without recognition.




 
T.S. Eliot  (1888 – 1965)
  • The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (1915)
  • The Waste Land (1922) 
  • The Hollow Men (1925)
  • Murder in the Cathedral (1935)

Ernest Hemingway (1899 – 1961)
  •  The Sun also Rises (1926)
  • A Farewell to Arms (1929)
  • To Have and Not have (1937) 
  • For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940)


John Dos Passos (1896 – 1970)
  • Manhattan Transfer (1925)
  • The 42nd Parallel (1930)
  • 1919 (1932)
  • The Big Money (1936)


Eugene O'Neill (1888-1953)
  • Bound East for Cardiff (1914)
  • Beyond The Horizon (1920 - Winner of Pulitzer Prize)
  • The Iceman Cometh (1939)
  • Long Day's Journey into Night (1941)

Thursday, May 1, 2014

The Roaring Twenties: The Cultural Phenomenon.


The Roaring Twenties is characterized by the decade's distinctive cultural edge, which features the jazz age. It was a time of blues and ragtime, jazz and swing. Music was to be heard near and far, high and low - whether you were in living room parlors, dance halls, or in one of the numerous smoky speakeasies. Jazz and swing were to be found everywhere. Music and dance dominated the social scenes, and so did those who made the music so infamous: the singers and musicians. Ruling the "billboards," so to speak, were the likes of:


  • Fats Waller*
  • Fletcher Henderson and The Dixie Stompers*
  • Duke Ellington
  • Bessie Smith
  • Joesphine Baker
  • Paul Whiteman*
  • Louis Armstrong*
  • Fats Waller *


        




 

All-girl Orchestras now existed and traveled the roads, 100s of dance bands called "territory bands" journeyed and criss-crossed the country between St. Louis and Denver, Texas and Nebraska, playing one-nighters.  Jazz was everywhere. While live music was on the rise, Americans bought millions of radios and phonograph records, bringing music into the home and jazz to remote locations where most bands could not reach.  For some, where ragtime already seemed bad enough, Jazz seemed even worse, threatening small-town America and "loosening" morals. Regardless if you were among the many who were infected by the jazz bug or strayed away from it, there's no denying that it made it's way around the country and impacted it so as to where an entire decade was to be coined and forever known as "The Roaring Twenties."

*My Personal Favorites for which
 I've provided videos instead of pictures

The Roaring Twenties: The Economic Condition and Those Who Ruled It


During the 1920s a lot was going on within the American economy. The first year of the 1920s started in a post-war depression but grew tremendously after then-President Harding
Warren G. Harding
                                    (Warren Harding, 1865-1923, 29th U.S. President)

 signed the Emergency Tariff of 1921 and the Fordney-McCumber Tariff of 1922; It became a time of increased consumer spending. Considering that Warren G. Hardening was elected president of the United States, it's safe to say that he was a major American political figure during that time. President Harding served in office from 1921-1923 before dying of a heart attack. Harding won his Presidency by promising a "return to normalcy." He favored and believed in Pro-Business policies and limited immigration. After Harding's death, the Teapot Dome Scandal and other instances of corruption came to light, damaging his reputation.


Calvin Coolidge
                                    (Calvin Coolidge, 1872-1933, 30th U.S. President)

Vice President Calvin Coolidge succeeded Harding after his death, taking the seat as President. President Coolidge was a Pro-Business conservation who indeed favored tax cuts and limited government spending; he was a president the people and American could be proud of. However, some of his laissez-faire policies contributed to the economic problems that erupted into the Great Depression. Coolidge remained popular throughout The Roaring Twenties, what with women now being able to vote and so on.


                                   (Herbert Hoover, 1874-1964, 31st U.S. President)

Herbert Hoover took office in 1929, the last and final year of The Roaring Twenties; it was the same year that the U.S. economy nosedived into the Great Depression. Although it was his predecessors policies that contributed to the crisis that lasted over a decade, he bore much of the blame in the minds of the American people. As a result of being view as callous and insensitive towards the suffering of millions of distressed Americans, Hoover lost against Democrat Franklin D. Roosevelt in the 1932 presidential election.





The Origins of F. Scott Fitzgerald and His Influences


Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald, better known as F. Scott Fitzgerald, was born in St. Paul, Minnesota, on September 24, 1896. He's considered one of America's greatest, well-known, and admired writers. Fitzgerald is held in high regards and is most recognized for his renowned pieces of works such as "The Great Gatsby," a novel about the ever elusive American Dream in the 1920's/jazz era, an era that Fitzgerald experienced first hand. Like any other author, it's safe to say Fitzgerald's writings were influenced by his major events in his life.

F. Scott Fitzgerald attended St. Paul Academy during his early teenage years; it was there, at the age of 13, Fitzgerald first appeared in print, in the St. Paul Academy Now and Then. Two years later, his parents sent him to The Newman School, a Catholic preparatory institution in New Jersey, where he met Father Sigourney Fay, who recognized Fitzgerald's talents and encouraged his drive and determination for personal distinction and accomplishment. In 1913, F. Scott Fitzgerald joined the 1917 class of Princeton University; he became active with the likes of school literary establishments such as The Princeton Tiger humor magazine and The Triangle Club. In fear of flunking out, Fitzgerald joined the army in 1917 and wrote his first novel entitled "The Romantic Egoist;" however, when he submitted it to Charles Scribner’s Sons, he received a letter rejecting the novel but applauding the novel's originality. The letter did, however, encourage him to revise the story and resubmit it afterwards.

Not long after his rejection from Charles Scribner’s Sons. Fitzgerald was positioned near Montgomery, Alabama, where he ended up meeting Zelda Sayre; the two quickly became an item.
It was meeting Zelda that inspired him to revise The Romantic Egoist and submit the novel once again, however, Charles Scribner’s Sons turned down the novel a second time. In 1918 the war ends,  he heads to New York, and unwilling to wait for Fitzgerald's success, Zelda broke off their engagement. A year later, he moves back to St. Paul and rewrites The Romantic Egoist; editor Maxwell Perkins of Scribners accepts the new manuscript—now entitled This Side of Paradise. On March 26, 1920, This side of Paradise is published; one week later, Fitzgerald and Zelda marry.

After vigorous traveling, writing another booking, and having a child, the couple moved to Great Neck, Long Island; this place helped inspire the setting and mood for The Great Gastby. By this time Fitzgerald already struggled with alcoholism, but he wrote sober.

While The Fitzgeralds were in France in 1924, F. Scott wrote The Great Gatsby; he then revised the script in Rome between 1924-1925. When en route back to Paris in April, the novel was Published. The reviews received critical praise, but unfortunately, the sales didn't reflect the popularity that is now The Great Gatsby. After the release of this novel, Fitzgerald wasn't as successful in the rest of his endeavors. He made attempts at writing another novel and screenwriting but those too did not pan out to be as triumphant.


F. Scott Fitzgerald's life was hands down influenced by all of these major events in his live and the people he met along the way: his work was printed at an early age (even if it was in a school paper), he met Father Sigourney Fay who encourage him dearly, his wife inspired him, his friendship with Ernest Hemingway could only have been beneficial seeing he was a great author as well, being turned down by Charles Scribner’s Sons helped him write the best manuscript possible. These life events are what made F. Scott Fitzgerald, F. Scott Fitzgerald.